Why it works: Butter and milk are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 7% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 81,283 recipes. Both carry (z)-4-heptenal, which smells biscuit, cream. The science ↓
Fried and Broiled Tomatoes
Ingredients
Directions
Prepare the tomatoes
Cut firm, large, ripe tomatoes into thick slices, about ¼ inch thick.
Season the tomato slices with coarse sea salt and black pepper.
Dredge the slices in flour, or dip them in egg and coat with breadcrumbs.
Cook the tomatoes
Fry the tomatoes in a mixture of hot butter and lard until browned on both sides.
Alternatively, broil the seasoned tomatoes on a well-greased grill.
Make the sauce and serve
Cream 1 ounce of butter, then whisk in 1 pint of milk and 1 tablespoon of flour.
Add 1 beaten egg, salt, pepper, and a pinch of mace; simmer until thickened.
Pour the sauce onto a hot serving dish and arrange the tomatoes in the center.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Butter + milktop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together81,283 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
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Tomato + peppertop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together17,923 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
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Flour + buttertop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Flour + milktop 14% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together78,219 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Tomato + milktop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together2,226 recipes
Shared aroma: 1-octen-3-one (mushroom, metallic).
Flour and butter barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Tomatoes
- Provide the main body and juicy flesh that softens and browns in the pan.
- Flour
- Forms a dry coating that helps the tomato slices brown and hold together while frying.
- Egg
- Binds the breadcrumb coating to the tomato and helps it set during cooking.
- Butter
- Adds richness and browning flavor to the frying fat and the sauce.
- Milk
- Forms the base of the sauce, giving it a smooth, creamy body when thickened.
The step that matters
Simmer the sauce until thickened. Flour and egg thicken the milk only when heated gently with stirring; if the mixture boils hard or is left unstirred, the egg can curdle and the sauce can turn lumpy.
Swap the mace
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (tomato, pepper, flour, egg, butter, milk):
- Parsleyfits better
- Cinnamonfits better
- Nutmegfits better
- Macethe original
Fit is the average pairing score against tomato, pepper, flour, egg, butter, milk. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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