Why it works: Beef and onion are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 3% of all ingredient pairs, and 17,091 recipes mention both. Both carry 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, which smells earthy, pea. The science ↓
The recipe
1 9x13 inch panIngredients
Contains: egg, milk, wheat (auto-detected from the ingredients and method; we can miss things, so check labels)
Directions
Method written by CompKitchen from the ingredient list. Not the original author's method, not kitchen-tested.
Heat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Boil the macaroni in a large pot of salted water for about 8 minutes until just tender, then drain and set aside.
Brown the lean ground beef with the chopped onion in a large skillet over medium heat for 8 to 10 minutes, breaking it up, until no pink remains and the beef reaches 160°F (71°C). Drain the fat.
Stir the tomato sauce, 3/4 teaspoon salt, black pepper and cinnamon into the beef. Simmer on low for 10 minutes, stirring often.
Toss the toasted bread cubes with the melted butter. Spread the cooked macaroni in a 9x13 inch pan, then the meat sauce, then scatter the buttered bread cubes over the top.
Melt the 1/4 cup butter in a saucepan over medium heat. Whisk in the flour and cook 1 minute. Slowly whisk in the milk and cook, stirring, until thickened, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat.
Let the sauce cool for 3 minutes, then whisk in the 1/4 teaspoon salt, the eggs one at a time, and the Parmesan until smooth.
Pour the custard evenly over the bread cubes in the pan.
Bake for 40 to 45 minutes until the top is golden and the custard is set and reaches 160°F (71°C) in the center. Rest 15 minutes before cutting into squares.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much aroma chemistry they share, and how many recipes mention both.
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Beef + oniontop 3% of all pairsAroma overlapmoderateMentioned together17,091 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
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Beef + tomatotop 3% of all pairsAroma overlapstrongMentioned together5,445 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
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Pepper + tomatotop 4% of all pairsAroma overlapstrongMentioned together17,913 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
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Beef + peppertop 4% of all pairsAroma overlapstrongMentioned together18,971 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
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Onion + tomatotop 4% of all pairsAroma overlapstrongMentioned together20,622 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
Flavor stand-ins for the cinnamon
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (beef, onion, pepper, tomato, sauce, butter, flour):
- Garlicbetter flavor fit
- Celerybetter flavor fit
- Parsleybetter flavor fit
- Cinnamonthe original
Fit is the average pairing score against beef, onion, pepper, tomato, sauce, butter, flour. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes. This compares flavor only: it does not check the job the ingredient does in the dish (bulk, moisture, acidity, structure).
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