Why it works: Flour and butter are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 12% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes. Both carry isobutyraldehyde, which smells malty, green. The science ↓
Good Scottish Shortbread
Ingredients
Directions
Make the dough
Mix one pound of flour with two ounces of sifted sugar and one ounce of sliced candied orange-rind or citron.
Make these into a paste with eight to nine ounces of good butter, warmed until liquid.
Shape
Press the paste together with the hands and mould it onto tins into large cakes nearly an inch thick, then pinch the edges.
Bake
Bake the shortbread in a moderate oven for twenty minutes, or longer if not crisp, but do not allow it to become deeply coloured.
Nutrition, whole recipe (rough)
What these numbers assume: 3 portions
| Ingredient | Portion assumed | kcal |
|---|---|---|
| Flour | 1 cup (125g) all-purpose | 455 |
| Butter | 1 tbsp (14g) | 102 |
| Sugar | 1 tbsp (12.5g) granulated | 49 |
One typical portion per ingredient; the recipe's quantities are not counted. A rough guide only, not for medical or dietary planning.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures. See the original page.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Flour + buttertop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
-
Flour + sugartop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together92,116 recipes
Shared aroma: phenylacetaldehyde (hawthorne, honey).
-
Sugar + buttertop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together98,233 recipes
Shared aroma: guaiacol (smoky, sweet).
Flour and butter barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Flour
- Provides the structure that holds the shortbread together as it bakes.
- Butter
- Adds richness and fat that makes the texture short and tender.
- Sugar
- Adds sweetness and helps the shortbread brown gently while baking.
- Candied orange rind or citron (in the method)
- Adds aroma and a fruity flavour to the shortbread.
The step that matters
Bake gently and keep it pale. Sugar and butter brown quickly in the oven, and deep colour turns the flavour bitter. Baking until just crisp keeps the shortbread sweet and buttery.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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