Why it works: Milk and butter are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 7% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 81,283 recipes. Both carry (z)-4-heptenal, which smells biscuit, cream. The science ↓
Haddock a LA Rarebit
Ingredients
Directions
The book gives no oven temperature. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps was added when the recipe was transcribed, as a starting point.
Make the cheese sauce
Heat the milk in a saucepan.
In a bowl, sift together flour, salt, and mustard.
Add the dry mixture to the heated milk and stir until thick and smooth.
Remove from heat and stir in cheese and butter until melted.
Assemble and bake
Place the haddock on a buttered platter.
Spread the cheese mixture over the haddock.
Bake in a 400°F (200°C) oven until rich brown.
Serve on the same platter.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Milk + buttertop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together81,283 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
-
Cheese + buttertop 8% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together7,962 recipes
Shared aroma: delta-dodecalactone (sweet, creamy).
-
Milk + cheesetop 10% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together4,426 recipes
Shared aroma: delta-dodecalactone (sweet, creamy).
-
Cheese + mustardtop 11% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together1,805 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
-
Flour + buttertop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
Flour and butter barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Flour
- Thickens the milk into a smooth sauce as its starch swells when heated.
- Cheese
- Melts into the sauce to add richness and flavor, and browns on top in the oven.
- Milk or thin cream
- Forms the liquid base of the sauce, carrying the flour and cheese.
- Butter
- Adds fat and richness to the sauce, helping it turn smooth and glossy.
- Mustard
- Adds sharp, savory flavor that balances the richness of the cheese sauce.
The step that matters
Stir the flour mixture into the hot milk until thick and smooth. Flour must be fully dispersed and heated so its starch swells and thickens evenly; adding it in clumps or undercooking leaves a lumpy, floury sauce.
Swap the mustard
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (milk, flour, cheese, butter, haddock):
- Potatofits better
- Chivefits about as well
- Mustardthe original
- Asparagusfits about as well
Fit is the average pairing score against milk, flour, cheese, butter, haddock. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
You might also like
The free Flavor Lab newsletter: one surprising pairing a week and the molecular reason it works, in 60 seconds. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Prefer an account? Create a free account to save pairings and unlock the full chemistry.
Macaroni and Cheese102 recipes
Cheese Making50 recipes
Cheese Fritters34 recipes
Cheese Omelette31 recipes