Why it works: Pepper and lemon match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 3% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 27,047 recipes. Both carry trans-2-nonenal, which smells cardboard, fatty. The science ↓
Calf's Liver and Bacon
Ingredients
Directions
Prepare the bacon
Cut the liver into thin slices.
Match the number of bacon slices to the liver slices.
Fry the bacon until crispy.
Place the crispy bacon on a hot dish.
Fry the liver
In the bacon fat, fry the liver.
Season the liver with pepper and salt.
Lightly dredge the liver with flour.
Turn the liver occasionally to prevent burning.
When done, arrange the liver around the dish with a slice of bacon between each.
Make the sauce
Pour off excess bacon fat.
Add butter to the remaining fat.
Dredge the butter in flour.
Stir in lemon juice and water.
Bring the sauce to a boil.
Pour the sauce into the center of the dish.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Pepper + lemontop 3% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together27,047 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
-
Butter + flourtop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
-
Butter + lemontop 16% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together41,227 recipes
Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).
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Flour + lemontop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together30,404 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
-
Pepper + flourtop 19% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together50,459 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
Butter and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Calf's liver
- Main protein, cooked quickly so it stays tender and browns on the outside.
- Bacon
- Renders fat for frying the liver and adds salty, savory flavor.
- Flour
- Light coating that browns in the fat and thickens the sauce.
- Butter
- Adds richness and flavor to the pan sauce.
- Lemon juice
- Adds acidity that brightens the rich liver and bacon fat.
The step that matters
Turn the liver occasionally to prevent burning. Thin liver slices cook fast, and the flour coating and sugars in the pan can scorch before the centre is done. Turning them regularly lets heat reach evenly and gives a golden, not burnt, crust.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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