Why it works: Butter and flour are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 12% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes. Both carry isobutyraldehyde, which smells malty, green. The science ↓
Orange Cake
Ingredients
Directions
The book says “a brisk oven”. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps is the modern equivalent, not the book's own figure.
Prepare
Roll the oranges on the table until soft.
Cut the oranges and squeeze the juice through a strainer.
Rub the yellow rind of the oranges onto some pieces of sugar.
Powder the sugar and mix it with the orange juice.
Wash and squeeze the butter in cold water to remove salt and milk.
Sift the flour into a bowl.
Beat the eggs until very light and thick.
Make the batter
Cut the butter into the sugar and orange mixture.
Stir the mixture until light.
Gradually stir the eggs into the butter and sugar mixture, alternating with the flour.
Beat the entire mixture well after all ingredients are added.
Bake
Pour the mixture into a well-buttered large, shallow square pan.
Bake immediately in a brisk oven at 400°F (200°C) until properly baked.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Photo for illustrative purposes only · Contact us to use it
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Butter + flourtop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Sugar + flourtop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together92,116 recipes
Shared aroma: phenylacetaldehyde (hawthorne, honey).
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Flour + eggtop 15% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together106,462 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Butter + eggtop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together118,967 recipes
Shared aroma: decanal (soap, orange peel).
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Sugar + buttertop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together98,233 recipes
Shared aroma: guaiacol (smoky, sweet).
Butter and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Eggs
- Beaten until light and thick, they give the cake its airy structure and lift.
- Unsalted butter
- Creamed with sugar, it adds richness and a tender crumb.
- All-purpose flour
- Its proteins set during baking, giving the cake its firm structure.
- Loaf sugar
- Sweetens the cake and, creamed with butter, helps trap air for a light texture.
- Oranges
- Juice and rind add moisture and bright citrus aroma and flavour.
The step that matters
Beat the eggs until very light and thick. Eggs beaten with air form a foam that gives the batter lift. Under-beaten eggs leave a dense cake, and adding them too quickly can deflate the batter.
Swap the orange
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (sugar, butter, flour, egg):
- Raisinfits better
- Vanillafits better
- Figfits better
- Orangethe original
Fit is the average pairing score against sugar, butter, flour, egg. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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