Why it works: Pepper and lemon match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 3% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 27,047 recipes. Both carry trans-2-nonenal, which smells cardboard, fatty. The science ↓
Cod and Macaroni
Ingredients
Directions
The book says “a brisk oven”. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps is the modern equivalent, not the book's own figure.
Prepare
Remove the skin and bones from the cod and break it into small pieces.
Boil the macaroni until tender, then drain and cut it into short, equal lengths.
Make the sauce
Melt the butter in a saucepan, season with salt, cayenne, and lemon juice, and let it boil.
Remove from heat and stir in the beaten egg yolk, ensuring the sauce does not boil after adding the egg.
Combine the cod and macaroni with the sauce and heat until warm.
Bake and serve
Transfer the mixture to a baking dish, cover with grated bread crumbs, and brown the top in a 400°F (200°C) oven.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Pepper + lemontop 3% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together27,047 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
-
Butter + breadtop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together27,232 recipes
Shared aroma: delta-decalactone (sweet, creamy).
-
Egg + breadtop 13% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together22,662 recipes
Shared aroma: (e)-2-octenal (fatty, green).
-
Butter + lemontop 16% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together41,227 recipes
Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).
-
Pepper + breadtop 16% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together20,964 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-nonenal (fatty, green).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Cod
- Provides the main flaky protein and body of the dish.
- Macaroni
- Adds bulk and a firm, chewy texture that holds the sauce.
- Butter
- Adds richness and fat that carries flavour and keeps the sauce smooth.
- Egg yolk
- Thickens the sauce and helps it bind when stirred in off the heat.
- Lemon juice
- Adds acidity that brightens the rich butter sauce.
- Bread crumbs
- Forms a crisp, browned topping in the oven.
The step that matters
Adding the egg yolk to the sauce. Egg yolk thickens by gently setting around 160°F (70°C). If the sauce boils after the yolk goes in, it can curdle and turn grainy, so the pan should be off the heat when the yolk is stirred in.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
You might also like
The free Flavor Lab newsletter: one surprising pairing a week and the molecular reason it works, in 60 seconds. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Prefer an account? Create a free account to save pairings and unlock the full chemistry.
Brown Bread461 recipes
Lemon Sauce236 recipes
White Bread80 recipes
Bread Omelette60 recipes