Why it works: Butter and milk are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 7% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 81,283 recipes. Both carry (z)-4-heptenal, which smells biscuit, cream. The science ↓
Veal Pot-pie
Ingredients
Directions
Cook the veal
Place the veal in a pot with 1 quart of water for every 5 pounds of meat, then heat over a slow fire.
Just before boiling, skim the surface.
Add ½ cup of cold water.
Turn the meat to help scum rise.
Remove all scum.
Season and cover
Boil hard and season with salt and pepper, noting that the crust will absorb some seasoning.
Cut the crust into equal pieces without rolling or molding.
Lay the crust pieces on top of the meat to cover it.
Cover the pot tightly.
Let it boil slowly for 1 hour.
If the lid doesn't fit tightly, wrap a cloth around it to prevent steam from escaping.
Make the dough
Mix flour, butter, and a little salt, then add enough milk to form a soft dough.
Knead well and let rise until light, about 1 hour in winter or 30 minutes in summer.
Knead again and cut the dough when ready.
Optionally, add ½ teaspoon baking soda in summer.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Butter + milktop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together81,283 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
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Flour + buttertop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
-
Flour + milktop 14% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together78,219 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
-
Pepper + flourtop 19% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together50,459 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Veal + peppertop 19% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together10,049 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-nonenal (fatty, green).
Flour and butter barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Veal
- Provides the main meat, which becomes tender through slow, moist boiling.
- All-purpose flour
- Forms the structure of the crust once mixed into a dough.
- Butter
- Adds fat that makes the crust rich and tender.
- Milk
- Provides the moisture that brings the flour and butter into a soft dough.
- Baking soda
- Optional leavening that helps the summer dough rise and lighten.
The step that matters
Keep the pot tightly covered while it boils. A tight lid traps steam so the meat simmers in its own moisture. If steam escapes, the liquid reduces and the meat can dry out and toughen.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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