Why it works: Butter and milk are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 7% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 81,283 recipes. Both carry (z)-4-heptenal, which smells biscuit, cream. The science ↓
Baked Macaroni, with Cheese
Ingredients
Directions
The book gives no oven temperature. The 300°F (150°C) in the steps was added when the recipe was transcribed, as a starting point.
Cook the macaroni
Break the macaroni into 1-inch lengths.
Add the macaroni to boiling salted water and stir frequently.
Boil slowly for 45 minutes until cooked.
Drain the macaroni in a colander.
Assemble and bake
In a pudding dish, layer macaroni, cheese, and bits of butter.
Sprinkle with salt and pepper, then repeat layers, finishing with macaroni on top.
Dot the top with butter and add milk.
Bake at 300°F (150°C) for about 30 minutes until golden brown.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Photo for illustrative purposes only · Contact us to use it
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Butter + milktop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together81,283 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
-
Parmesan cheese + buttertop 9% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together4,163 recipes
Shared aroma: guaiacol (smoky, sweet).
-
Parmesan cheese + peppertop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together5,322 recipes
Shared aroma: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (fruity, apple).
-
Parmesan cheese + milktop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together1,608 recipes
Shared aroma: ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (fruity, apple).
-
Butter + peppertop 21% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together85,593 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Macaroni
- Forms the structure of the dish, holding its shape as the layers bake.
- Parmesan cheese
- Adds savory, salty flavor and melts into the layers to bind them together.
- Butter
- Adds richness and fat, carrying flavor and helping the top turn golden.
- Milk
- Adds moisture that softens the pasta and helps form a creamy sauce as it bakes.
The step that matters
Boil slowly for 45 minutes until cooked. Pasta cooked this long can turn soft and mushy, and it keeps cooking in the oven. Testing for tenderness before draining helps keep the baked dish from becoming overcooked and dry or pasty.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
You might also like
The free Flavor Lab newsletter: one surprising pairing a week and the molecular reason it works, in 60 seconds. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Prefer an account? Create a free account to save pairings and unlock the full chemistry.

Macaroni and Cheese102 recipes
Cheese Making50 recipes
Cheese Fritters34 recipes
Cheese Omelette31 recipes