Why it works: Potato and pepper are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 9% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 8,305 recipes. Both carry 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, which smells earthy, pea. The science ↓
Cod Fish Balls
Ingredients
Directions
Prepare
Wash the salted cod fish in cold water and soak in cold water for 1–2 hours. Drain the fish.
Cook the fish and potatoes
Mix the fish with the potatoes in a pot of boiling water until the potatoes are soft.
Drain the mixture through a sieve.
Return the drained mixture to the saucepan.
Mash the fish and potatoes together.
Shape and fry
Add the butter, beaten egg, pepper, and salt if needed.
Beat the mixture lightly with a fork.
Drop rounded tablespoons of the mixture into hot fat.
Fry for 1 minute.
Drain on brown paper.
Serve.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Photo for illustrative purposes only · Contact us to use it
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Potato + peppertop 9% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together8,305 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
-
Fish + buttertop 12% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together4,488 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
-
Potato + buttertop 13% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together6,456 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
-
Fish + potatotop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together134 recipes
Shared aroma: (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal (cucumber, melon).
-
Butter + eggtop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together118,967 recipes
Shared aroma: decanal (soap, orange peel).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Salted cod fish
- Provides the main savoury, salty flavour and the fish texture of the balls.
- Potatoes
- Adds starch and soft body that bulks the mixture and holds the fish together.
- Egg
- Binds the mixture so the balls hold their shape when fried.
- Butter
- Adds fat for richness and a softer, moister interior.
The step that matters
Drop the mixture into hot fat. The mixture is soft and loose. Hot fat sets the outside quickly so the balls keep their shape and brown, instead of soaking up oil and falling apart.
Swap the potato
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (fish, butter, egg, pepper):
- Capsicumfits about as well
- Asparagusfits about as well
- Potatothe original
- Chivefits about as well
Fit is the average pairing score against fish, butter, egg, pepper. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
You might also like
The free Flavor Lab newsletter: one surprising pairing a week and the molecular reason it works, in 60 seconds. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Prefer an account? Create a free account to save pairings and unlock the full chemistry.

Potato Croquettes255 recipes
Fried Fish120 recipes
Fish Croquettes81 recipes
Potato Rolls78 recipes