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Panned Chicken

A whole chicken coated in butter and flour, baked and basted, served with a cream gravy.

From an old cookbook · modernised transcription
From a historical cookbook (Internet Archive) · 8 ingredients
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Why it works: Butter and cream are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 8% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 41,516 recipes. Both carry delta-dodecalactone, which smells sweet, creamy. The science ↓

Panned Chicken

Oven, in the book's wordsA hot oven

Ingredients

Directions

The book says “a hot oven”. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps is the modern equivalent, not the book's own figure.

Prepare the chicken

  1. Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C).

  2. Place the chickens in a pan, skin side up.

  3. Rub the chickens with softened butter, then dredge with flour, salt, and pepper.

Roast

  1. Bake in the hot oven for 10 minutes.

  2. Baste with butter and a little hot water.

  3. Cook for 30 minutes, basting three times with no more than ½ cup of water, using the rest as butter.

Make the gravy

  1. Remove the chickens to a hot dish.

  2. Make gravy from the fat in the pan by adding 1 tablespoon of flour.

  3. Cook until brown, then add 1 cup of thin cream or white stock.

  4. Stir until smooth and pour around the chicken.

Recipe from a historical cookbook (Internet Archive).

Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Butter + creamtop 8% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together41,516 recipes

    Shared aroma: delta-dodecalactone (sweet, creamy).

  2. Butter + flourtop 12% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together124,287 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

  3. Chicken + buttertop 15% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together13,902 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-furfurylthiol (coffee, roasted).

  4. Chicken + peppertop 16% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together19,958 recipes

    Shared aroma: piperonal (bitter, coconut).

  5. Flour + peppertop 19% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together50,459 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

Butter and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

What each ingredient does

Chickens
Provide the main protein that is roasted until cooked through.
Butter
Adds richness and moisture, and helps the skin brown as it bastes.
Flour
Coats the chicken to help it brown, and thickens the gravy made from pan fat.
Thin cream or white stock
Liquid that loosens the pan drippings into a smooth, flavourful gravy.

The step that matters

Cook until brown before adding the liquid. Browning the flour in the pan fat develops a nutty flavour and colour. Adding cream or stock too early leaves the gravy pale and pasty, and it may lump.

“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.

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