Why it works: Apple and butter are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 14% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 8,706 recipes. Both carry trans-2-nonenal, which smells cardboard, fatty. The science ↓
Leek and Apple Pie
Ingredients
Directions
The book gives no oven temperature. The 350°F (175°C) in the steps was added when the recipe was transcribed, as a starting point. The book gives no cooking times either; the times in the steps were added in transcription, so check for doneness rather than trusting the clock.
Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C).
Clean and chop the leeks.
Peel, core, and slice the apples.
In a pan, melt butter and sauté the leeks until soft.
Add the apples, sugar, and a pinch of salt; cook until apples are tender.
Roll out the pastry and line a pie dish.
Fill the pastry with the leek and apple mixture.
Cover with another layer of pastry, seal the edges, and cut slits on top.
Bake for 30-40 minutes until golden brown.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Apple + buttertop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together8,706 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
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Leek + buttertop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together848 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-hexenal (green, leafy).
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Butter + sugartop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together98,233 recipes
Shared aroma: guaiacol (smoky, sweet).
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Apple + sugartop 18% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together16,478 recipes
Shared aroma: beta-damascenone (apple, rose).
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Leek + appletop 21% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together20 recipes
Shared aroma: ethyl butyrate (apple, fruity).
Apple and sugar barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 16,478 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
Swap the leek
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (apple, butter, sugar):
- Sweet potatofits better
- Capsicumfits better
- Parsnipfits better
- Leekthe original
Fit is the average pairing score against apple, butter, sugar. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
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