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Sauce

Bechamel, or White Sauce

A creamy sauce made from veal, ham, butter, flour, broth, spices, and cream.

From an old cookbook · modernised transcription
From a historical cookbook (Internet Archive) · 17 ingredients
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Why it works: Clove and mace are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 6% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 8,400 recipes. Both carry methyleugenol, which smells clove, spice. The science ↓

Bechamel, or White Sauce

Ingredients

Directions

Make the stock

  1. Melt butter in a stewpan.

  2. Add veal and ham; simmer until nearly catching at the bottom.

  3. Stir in flour until mixed, then gradually add broth or water, stirring until smooth.

  4. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer gently for 2 hours.

  5. Season with cloves, onion, peppercorns, mace, mushrooms, parsley, thyme, and bay leaf.

  6. Reduce to 1 quart, skim off fat, and strain through a fine sieve.

Finish the sauce

  1. To make the sauce, add cream to the strained liquid and stir until thickened.

  2. Add a few mushrooms for flavor and strain again.

Recipe from a historical cookbook (Internet Archive).

Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Clove + macetop 6% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together8,400 recipes

    Shared aroma: methyleugenol (clove, spice).

  2. Butter + mushroomtop 7% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together12,525 recipes

    Shared aroma: trans-2-decenal (waxy, orange).

  3. Onion + mushroomtop 10% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together10,626 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2,4-decadienal (seaweed).

  4. Clove + mushroomtop 10% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together2,663 recipes

    Shared aroma: alpha-pinene (pine, turpentine).

  5. Butter + flourtop 12% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together124,287 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

Butter and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

What each ingredient does

Veal
Releases gelatin and savory flavor into the liquid as it simmers, giving body to the stock.
Butter
Provides fat for cooking the meat and carries flavor through the base of the sauce.
Flour
Thickens the liquid as it cooks with the butter, giving the sauce body.
Cream
Adds richness and smoothness, and helps the sauce thicken and feel velvety.
Egg yolks
Add richness and help thicken the sauce when heated gently.

The step that matters

Reduce to 1 quart, skim off fat, and strain through a fine sieve.. Reducing concentrates the flavor and skimming removes excess fat so the sauce stays clean-tasting and smooth rather than greasy.

Flavor stand-ins for the mace

How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (veal, ham, butter, flour, clove, onion, mushroom):

  1. Thymebetter flavor fit
  2. Nutmegbetter flavor fit
  3. Capersbetter flavor fit
  4. Macethe original

Fit is the average pairing score against veal, ham, butter, flour, clove, onion, mushroom. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes. This compares flavor only: it does not check the job the ingredient does in the dish (bulk, moisture, acidity, structure).

“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.

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