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Bubble-and-squeak

A British dish of fried boiled beef, cabbage, onions, butter, pepper, and salt.

From an old cookbook · modernised transcription
From a historical cookbook (Internet Archive) · 6 ingredients
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Why it works: Cabbage and pepper are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 5% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 4,081 recipes. Both carry 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, which smells earthy, pea. The science ↓

Bubble-and-squeak

Ingredients

Directions

Prepare

  1. Fry the slices of beef gently in a little butter, being careful not to dry them out.

  2. Lay the beef on a flat dish and cover with fried greens.

  3. Boil the greens until tender, then drain and mince them.

Cook and serve

  1. In a frying pan, heat the minced greens with butter, sliced onion, pepper, and salt until hot.

  2. Serve when the onion is cooked.

Recipe from a historical cookbook (Internet Archive).

Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Cabbage + peppertop 5% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together4,081 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

  2. Beef + oniontop 7% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together17,092 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

  3. Cabbage + oniontop 7% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together3,001 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

  4. Beef + peppertop 10% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together18,971 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

  5. Onion + peppertop 11% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together68,474 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

What each ingredient does

Cold boiled beef
Provides the meaty base; gentle frying keeps it moist and tender.
Butter
Adds fat and richness, helping the beef and greens brown and taste savoury.
Cabbage
Forms the bulk of the dish, giving texture and mild flavour once cooked.
Onion
Adds sweetness and aroma as it softens and cooks in the pan.

The step that matters

Fry the beef gently. High heat dries out lean cooked meat, making it tough. Gentle frying in butter keeps the slices moist and tender.

Swap the cabbage

How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (beef, butter, onion, pepper):

  1. Potatofits better
  2. Chivefits better
  3. Capsicumfits better
  4. Cabbagethe original

Fit is the average pairing score against beef, butter, onion, pepper. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.

“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.

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