Why it works: Apple and lemon are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 14% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 7,551 recipes. Both carry trans-2-nonenal, which smells cardboard, fatty. The science ↓
Boiled Apple Pudding
Ingredients
Directions
Make the crust
Make a crust by mixing flour and suet or dripping.
Line a basin with the crust.
Fill and boil
Fill the basin with the prepared apples.
Add lemon peel and sugar on top of the apples.
Cover with another layer of crust and tie a cloth over it.
Boil in water for 2 hours.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Apple + lemontop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together7,551 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
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Flour + sugartop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together92,116 recipes
Shared aroma: phenylacetaldehyde (hawthorne, honey).
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Flour + lemontop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together30,404 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Apple + sugartop 18% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together16,478 recipes
Shared aroma: beta-damascenone (apple, rose).
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Sugar + lemontop 18% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together53,532 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-nonenal (fatty, green).
Apple and sugar barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 16,478 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- All-purpose flour
- Forms the structure of the crust that encloses the apples.
- Suet or dripping
- Adds fat that makes the crust tender and rich.
- Apples
- Provide the fruit filling and moisture that cooks into the pudding.
- Sugar
- Adds sweetness to the apples.
- Lemon peel
- Adds bright aroma that balances the sweetness of the apples.
The step that matters
Tie the cloth firmly over the top. A loose cloth lets water seep into the pudding during the long boil, making the crust soggy. A snug, well-sealed cover keeps the filling moist and the crust intact while it steams.
Swap the apple
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (flour, sugar, lemon):
- Raisinfits better
- Vanillafits better
- Orangefits better
- Applethe original
Fit is the average pairing score against flour, sugar, lemon. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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