Why it works: Cheese and pepper are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 18% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 7,861 recipes. Both carry 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, which smells earthy, pea. The science ↓
Macaroni Cheese
Ingredients
Directions
The book gives no oven temperature. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps was added when the recipe was transcribed, as a starting point.
Prepare
Boil the macaroni in salted water for 30 minutes or until soft.
Strain the water and cut the macaroni into 1.5-inch pieces.
Prepare the white sauce as directed elsewhere.
Assemble
Mix half of the cheese with the sauce, adding pepper and salt.
In a serving dish, layer macaroni, sauce, and a little dry cheese.
Repeat layers until all ingredients are used, reserving plenty of dry cheese for the top.
Bake and serve
Bake in a 400°F (200°C) oven for 5 to 10 minutes until golden.
Serve hot.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Photo for illustrative purposes only · Contact us to use it
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Cheese + peppertop 18% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together7,861 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
-
Sauce + cheesetop 19% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together1,987 recipes
Shared aroma: ethanol (alcoholic, ethereal).
-
Sauce + peppertop 27% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together15,303 recipes
Shared aroma: ethanol (alcoholic, ethereal).
Sauce and pepper barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 15,303 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Macaroni
- Forms the bulk of the dish and gives it a firm, chewy body once cooked.
- White sauce
- Provides creamy moisture that coats the pasta and keeps the layers from drying out.
- Dry cheese
- Adds savory flavor and, on top, browns and crisps in the oven.
The step that matters
Bake until golden. Baking only 5 to 10 minutes is brief, so the top may not brown if the oven is not fully heated. Browning comes from the Maillard reaction on the cheese surface, which needs sustained dry heat.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
More macaroni and cheese recipes
You might also like
The free Flavor Lab newsletter: one surprising pairing a week and the molecular reason it works, in 60 seconds. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Prefer an account? Create a free account to save pairings and unlock the full chemistry.

Cheese Making50 recipes
Cheese Fritters34 recipes
Cheese Omelette31 recipes
Rice and Cheese Casserole23 recipes