Why it works: Cinnamon and nutmeg match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 1% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 11,917 recipes. Both carry estragole, which smells anise, licorice. The science ↓
Apple Pie
Ingredients
Directions
The book says “a moderate oven”. The 350°F (175°C) in the steps is the modern equivalent, not the book's own figure.
Prepare
Wipe, quarter, core, pare, and slice the tart apples.
Pack the apples into a buttered pie dish.
Adjust the sugar based on the apples' acidity, using at least 2 tablespoons.
If the apples are not juicy, add water as needed.
Flavor and bake
Optionally, flavor the apples with lemon juice, cinnamon, or nutmeg, and top with bits of butter.
Bake in a moderate oven at 350°F (175°C) until the apples are soft and the crust is golden brown.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Cinnamon + nutmegtop 1% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together11,917 recipes
Shared aroma: estragole (anise, licorice).
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Apple + cinnamontop 4% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together5,598 recipes
Shared aroma: methyl cinnamate (strawberry).
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Lemon + nutmegtop 5% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together11,318 recipes
Shared aroma: beta-phellandrene (minty, terpene).
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Lemon + cinnamontop 7% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together7,950 recipes
Shared aroma: beta-phellandrene (minty, terpene).
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Sugar + cinnamontop 10% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together30,779 recipes
Shared aroma: guaiacol (smoky, sweet).
Sugar and cinnamon barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 30,779 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Tart apples
- Provide the main filling, with tartness that balances the sugar.
- Sugar
- Adds sweetness and balances the acidity of the tart apples.
- Butter
- Adds richness and helps the crust brown in the oven.
- Water
- Adds moisture to the filling when the apples are not juicy enough.
The step that matters
Adjust the sugar to the apples' acidity. Tart apples vary in acidity, and sugar offsets that sourness. Tasting the apples first and adding sugar accordingly prevents a filling that is too sour or too sweet.
Swap the lemon
The recipe marks lemon as optional. How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (apple, butter, sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg):
- Vanillafits better
- Figfits better
- Pearfits better
- Lemonthe original
Fit is the average pairing score against apple, butter, sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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