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Tomato Catsup

A thick tomato sauce made by boiling tomatoes with spices, onions, and sugar, then adding vinegar and bottling.

From an old cookbook · modernised transcription
From a historical cookbook (Internet Archive) · 10 ingredients
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Why it works: Allspice and clove match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 1% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 7,874 recipes. Both carry estragole, which smells anise, licorice. The science ↓

Tomato Catsup

Ingredients

Directions

  1. Boil the tomatoes, black pepper, cayenne, mustard, salt, allspice, cloves, and onions for 3 hours.

  2. Add the apple vinegar and mix well.

  3. Seal the mixture in bottles.

Recipe from a historical cookbook (Internet Archive).

Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Allspice + clovetop 1% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together7,874 recipes

    Shared aroma: estragole (anise, licorice).

  2. Mustard + allspicetop 2% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together1,928 recipes

    Shared aroma: methyleugenol (clove, spice).

  3. Pepper + clovetop 5% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together17,451 recipes

    Shared aroma: ethyl octanoate (fruity, wine).

  4. Pepper + allspicetop 5% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together6,395 recipes

    Shared aroma: estragole (anise, licorice).

  5. Mustard + oniontop 6% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together9,259 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

What each ingredient does

Tomatoes
Form the body and most of the flavour of the ketchup as they cook down.
Apple vinegar
Adds acidity that sharpens the flavour and helps preserve the finished ketchup.
Brown sugar
Adds sweetness that balances the acidity of the vinegar and tomatoes.
Onions
Contribute savoury depth and aroma as they soften during the long boil.

The step that matters

The 3-hour boil. Long cooking reduces the tomato mixture and concentrates its flavour. Sugars and tomato solids can scorch on the bottom of the pan, so the mixture should be stirred often and kept at a gentle simmer.

Swap the apple

How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (tomato, pepper, mustard, vinegar, allspice, clove, onion):

  1. Limefits better
  2. Avocadofits better
  3. Cherryfits better
  4. Applethe original

Fit is the average pairing score against tomato, pepper, mustard, vinegar, allspice, clove, onion. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.

“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.

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