Why it works: Pepper and lemon match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 3% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 27,047 recipes. Both carry trans-2-nonenal, which smells cardboard, fatty. The science ↓
Collops
Ingredients
Directions
Prepare the veal
Cut the veal into thin slices.
Dip the slices in flour and fry until brown.
Cook the gravy
Add enough water to cover the veal and bring to a boil.
Add the sliced onions, pepper, and salt.
Cook until the veal is tender.
Remove the veal and thicken the gravy.
Finish and serve
Squeeze in the lemon juice and pour over the veal.
Garnish with lemon slices.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Pepper + lemontop 3% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together27,047 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
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Onion + peppertop 11% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together68,474 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
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Veal + lemontop 17% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together4,580 recipes
Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).
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Flour + lemontop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together30,404 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Veal + oniontop 17% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together6,841 recipes
Shared aroma: 2,4-decadienal (seaweed).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Veal
- Is the main protein, becoming tender when simmered slowly in liquid.
- Flour
- Coats the slices so they brown well and help thicken the gravy.
- Onions
- Soften during cooking and add sweetness and aroma to the gravy.
- Lemon juice
- Adds acidity that brightens the rich, savory gravy.
The step that matters
Frying the floured veal until brown. Browning the flour-coated slices creates flavor through the Maillard reaction. Pale, under-browned slices give a flat gravy, and the flour must be cooked enough to avoid a raw taste.
Swap the onion
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (veal, flour, pepper, lemon):
- Arrowrootfits better
- Shallotfits better
- Spinachfits better
- Onionthe original
Fit is the average pairing score against veal, flour, pepper, lemon. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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