Why it works: Lemon and pepper match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 3% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 27,047 recipes. Both carry trans-2-nonenal, which smells cardboard, fatty. The science ↓
Devil Sauce
Ingredients
Directions
In a saucepan, combine the cold gravy or brown stock with loaf sugar, lemon juice, mustard, and fresh butter.
Heat gently while stirring until the butter melts and the mixture is well combined.
Add mushroom ketchup and season with salt and pepper to taste.
Adjust seasoning as needed, adding Worcestershire sauce or vinegar if desired.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Photo for illustrative purposes only · Contact us to use it
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Lemon + peppertop 3% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together27,047 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
-
Butter + mushroomtop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together12,525 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-decenal (waxy, orange).
-
Sugar + ketchuptop 8% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together260 recipes
Shared aroma: ethanol (alcoholic, ethereal).
-
Mustard + peppertop 9% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together15,430 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
-
Lemon + mustardtop 11% of all pairsSmell alikestrongCooked together3,816 recipes
Shared aroma: eucalyptol (eucalyptus, herbal).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Fresh butter
- Melts into the sauce to add richness and a smooth, glossy body.
- Mushroom ketchup
- Adds deep savoury, umami flavour that gives the sauce its character.
- Lemon juice
- Adds acidity that brightens the rich butter and gravy.
- Loaf sugar
- Balances the sharpness of the lemon and mustard with a touch of sweetness.
The step that matters
Heat gently while stirring. Butter can separate or scorch if the heat is too high, so warming slowly while stirring keeps the emulsion smooth and the sauce from tasting burnt.
Swap the mustard
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (sugar, lemon, butter, mushroom, ketchup, pepper):
- Capsicumfits better
- Shallotfits better
- Spinachfits about as well
- Mustardthe original
Fit is the average pairing score against sugar, lemon, butter, mushroom, ketchup, pepper. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
You might also like
The free Flavor Lab newsletter: one surprising pairing a week and the molecular reason it works, in 60 seconds. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Prefer an account? Create a free account to save pairings and unlock the full chemistry.

Hot Lemon Cream Sauce11 recipes
Mixed Mustard9 recipes
Wine Sauce (for stewed fruit)186 recipes
Caper Sauce180 recipes