Why it works: Butter and milk are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 7% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 81,283 recipes. Both carry (z)-4-heptenal, which smells biscuit, cream. The science ↓
Scalloped Potatoes
Ingredients
Directions
The book gives no oven temperature. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps was added when the recipe was transcribed, as a starting point.
Prepare the sauce
Slice cold boiled potatoes or cut them into dice.
Melt butter in a skillet.
Add flour and milk, seasoning with salt and pepper. Stir until the mixture boils.
Assemble and bake
Layer sauce, then potatoes, then more sauce in a baking dish until full.
Sprinkle bread crumbs on top.
Bake for 20 minutes at 400°F (200°C) or until brown. Serve in the baking dish.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Butter + milktop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together81,283 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
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Pepper + potatotop 9% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together8,305 recipes
Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).
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Milk + potatotop 9% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together3,611 recipes
Shared aroma: (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal (cucumber, melon).
-
Butter + flourtop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
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Butter + potatotop 13% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together6,456 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
Butter and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Butter
- Enriches the sauce and helps it taste rich while carrying flavor.
- Flour
- Thickens the milk into a smooth sauce that coats the potatoes.
- Milk
- Forms the liquid base of the sauce, which thickens as it boils.
- Cold boiled potatoes
- Provide the bulk and starchy body of the dish.
The step that matters
Stir until the mixture boils. Flour needs to reach a boil in the milk to fully swell and thicken the sauce. Stopping early leaves a thin, floury sauce that will not hold the layers together.
Swap the potato
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (butter, flour, milk, pepper):
- Potatothe original
- Capsicumfits about as well
- Chivefits less well
- Shallotfits less well
Fit is the average pairing score against butter, flour, milk, pepper. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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