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Orange Marmalade

A preserve made from oranges and lemons boiled with water and sugar.

From an old cookbook · modernised transcription
From a historical cookbook (Internet Archive) · 4 ingredients
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Why it works: Orange and lemon match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 1% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 10,634 recipes. Both carry 3-hexenal, which smells apple, fruity. The science ↓

Orange Marmalade

Ingredients

Directions

Prepare the fruit

  1. Wash the oranges and lemons well, then slice them, avoiding the thick ends.

  2. Soak the sliced fruit in 1 gallon of water for 24 hours.

  3. Boil the mixture for 1 hour.

  4. Remove 1 pint of liquid from the mixture.

Make the marmalade

  1. Measure the remaining liquid and add half that amount of sugar.

  2. Boil the mixture in a granite pot, watching closely.

  3. Place a small amount on a cold dish to test for thickness.

  4. When thick enough to gel, pour into glasses or jars.

  5. Cover the jars with paraffin.

Recipe from a historical cookbook (Internet Archive).

Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Orange + lemontop 1% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together10,634 recipes

    Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).

  2. Lemon + sugartop 18% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together53,532 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-nonenal (fatty, green).

  3. Orange + sugartop 20% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together19,212 recipes

    Shared aroma: beta-damascenone (apple, rose).

Lemon and sugar barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 53,532 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

What each ingredient does

Oranges
Provide the bitter peel and pulp that give marmalade its characteristic flavor and pectin-rich body.
Lemons
Add acidity and additional pectin, helping the marmalade set to a gel.
Sugar
Sweetens the marmalade and helps it thicken and set as it cooks.

The step that matters

Testing for thickness on a cold dish. Marmalade sets as its pectin and sugar concentrate during boiling. Overcooking can make it stiff and underboiling can leave it runny, so a cold-dish test shows when it will gel.

“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.

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