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German Stollen Bread

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Why it works: Flour and raisin match in chemistry and in kitchens. They rank in the top 1% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 9,075 recipes. Both carry isobutyraldehyde, which smells malty, green. The science ↓

German Stollen Bread

Ingredients

Directions

  1. 1.In a 1-quart glass bowl, melt 1 cup of butter. Add milk and water.

  2. 2.In a large mixing bowl, combine flour, 1⁄4 cup of sugar, salt, and yeast.

  3. 3.On low speed, stir in warm milk mixture, then eggs; mix well.

  4. 4.Add rinds, raisins, fruit, and nuts; mix well.

  5. 5.Cover dough tightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for several hours or overnight to rise.

  6. 6.Divide dough in half.

  7. 7.For each half, place on a floured surface and roll into an 18 x 12-inch rectangle; spread with 1⁄4 cup of softened butter.

  8. 8.Mix 1⁄2 cup of Sugar with the cinnamon; sprinkle mixture over butter.

  9. 9.Beginning with the long edge, roll up dough into a long cylinder, pinching edge to seal. If ends of dough are smaller than the remainder of the roll, trim off about 1 in. from each end.

  10. 10.Place roll on a 12- to 14-inch round pizza pan greased or lined with baking parchment.

  11. 11.Shape roll into a ring to resemble a large doughnut.

  12. 12.Brush ends with water and pinch together to seal.

  13. 13.Using clean kitchen shears or a sharp knife, make cuts in dough about every inch around ring, cutting 2/3 of the way through roll at each cut.

  14. 14.Gently turn each piece of dough onto its side, slightly overlapping the previous piece.

  15. 15.Let rise in a warm place, uncovered, for one hour.

  16. 16.Preheat oven to 350 degrees.

  17. 17.Bake each ring 25-30 minutes until light golden brown.

  18. 18.Remove from oven, loosen ring from pan, and slide ring onto cooling rack.

  19. 19.Combine icing ingredients, except cherry halves, and drizzle or brush icing over ring.

  20. 20.Decorate with candied cherry halves.

Nutrition, whole recipe (rough)

1171Calories
32 gProtein
47 gFat
161 gCarbs

Counts 11 of 13 ingredients. The other 2 aren't in our nutrition table and add nothing above, so the real totals are higher.

What these numbers assume: 11 portions
IngredientPortion assumedkcal
Flour1 cup (125g) all-purpose455
Pecans1 oz (28g / ~19 halves)196
Milk1 cup (244ml) whole149
Butter1 tbsp (14g)102
Egg1 large egg (50g)78
Orange1 medium (131g)62
Grape1/2 cup (76g)62
Sugar1 tbsp (12.5g) granulated49
Lemonjuice of 1 lemon (48ml)12
Cinnamon1 tsp ground (2.6g)6
Salt1 tsp (6g)0
Waternot in our table0
Fruitnot in our table0

One typical portion per ingredient; the recipe's quantities are not counted. A rough guide only, not for medical or dietary planning.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Flour + raisintop 1% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together9,075 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

  2. Lemon + orangetop 1% of all pairs
    Smell alikestrong
    Cooked together10,634 recipes

    Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).

  3. Butter + milktop 7% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together81,283 recipes

    Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).

  4. Butter + flourtop 12% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together124,287 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

  5. Orange + raisintop 13% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together1,684 recipes

    Shared aroma: beta-damascenone (apple, rose).

Butter and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

Swap the orange

How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (butter, milk, flour, sugar, egg, lemon, raisin):

  1. Vanillafits better
  2. Figfits better
  3. Blackberryfits about as well
  4. Orangethe original

Fit is the average pairing score against butter, milk, flour, sugar, egg, lemon, raisin. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.

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