Why it works: Flour and butter are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 12% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes. Both carry isobutyraldehyde, which smells malty, green. The science ↓
Boiled Apple Pudding
Ingredients
Directions
Prepare
Butter a basin and line it with some of the crust.
Pare, core, and slice the apples, then fill the basin with them.
Add sugar, lemon peel, and lemon juice, then cover with crust.
Pinch the edges together, flour the cloth, and place it over the pudding.
Tie it securely and place it in boiling water.
Boil and serve
Boil for 1.5 to 2.5 hours, depending on size.
Turn it out of the basin and serve immediately.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
-
Flour + buttertop 12% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together124,287 recipes
Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).
-
Apple + lemontop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together7,551 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
-
Butter + appletop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together8,706 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
-
Flour + sugartop 15% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together92,116 recipes
Shared aroma: phenylacetaldehyde (hawthorne, honey).
-
Butter + lemontop 16% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together41,227 recipes
Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).
Flour and butter barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- All-purpose flour
- Forms the crust that encloses the apples and holds the pudding together while it boils.
- Butter
- Greases the basin and enriches the crust, helping it release cleanly and stay tender.
- Apples
- Provide the bulk of the filling, softening as they cook and becoming moist and sweet.
- Sugar
- Adds sweetness to the apple filling and balances the tartness of the lemon.
- Lemon juice
- Adds acidity that brightens the apple flavor and helps keep the fruit fresh-tasting.
The step that matters
Tie it securely and place it in boiling water. If the cloth is loose or the seal is poor, water seeps into the pudding and makes the crust soggy. The water must also stay at a steady boil so the pudding cooks through evenly.
Swap the apple
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (flour, butter, sugar, lemon):
- Raisinfits better
- Vanillafits better
- Figfits better
- Applethe original
Fit is the average pairing score against flour, butter, sugar, lemon. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
You might also like
The free Flavor Lab newsletter: one surprising pairing a week and the molecular reason it works, in 60 seconds. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Prefer an account? Create a free account to save pairings and unlock the full chemistry.
Apple Pudding256 recipes
Lemon Cake228 recipes
Lemon Ice147 recipes
Lemon Sherbet103 recipes