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Dessert

Rock Cake

A sweet baked cake made with sugar, lard, sour milk, eggs, baking soda, ammonia, salt, lemon, and flour.

From an old cookbook · modernised transcription
From a historical cookbook (Internet Archive) · 9 ingredients
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Why it works: Milk and flour are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 14% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 78,219 recipes. Both carry isobutyraldehyde, which smells malty, green. The science ↓

Rock Cake

Oven, in the book's wordsA quick oven

Ingredients

Directions

The book says “a quick oven”. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps is the modern equivalent, not the book's own figure.

Prepare the dough

  1. Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C).

  2. Rub the sugar and lard together in a bowl until well combined.

  3. Add the pounded ammonia.

  4. Add the eggs, mixing well.

  5. Dissolve the baking soda in the sour milk.

  6. Add salt and lemon.

  7. Gradually add flour until the mixture is stiff.

Bake and serve

  1. Drop spoonfuls of the mixture into a greased pan.

  2. Bake in the preheated oven until golden.

Recipe from a historical cookbook (Internet Archive).

Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Milk + flourtop 14% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together78,219 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

  2. Sugar + flourtop 15% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together92,116 recipes

    Shared aroma: phenylacetaldehyde (hawthorne, honey).

  3. Milk + lemontop 15% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together19,053 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-nonenal (fatty, green).

  4. Egg + flourtop 15% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together106,462 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

  5. Lemon + flourtop 17% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together30,404 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

Milk and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 78,219 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

What each ingredient does

Eggs
Bind the mixture and add structure and richness to the dough.
Baking soda
Reacts with the sour milk to produce gas that lightens the cakes.
Sour milk
Provides moisture and acidity that activates the baking soda.
Lard
Adds fat that gives a tender, crumbly texture.
Sugar
Adds sweetness and helps the cakes brown as they bake.
Flour
Provides the structure that holds the stiffened dough together.

The step that matters

Dissolve the baking soda in the sour milk. Baking soda needs an acid to react and release gas. Dissolving it fully in the sour milk spreads the reaction evenly, so the cakes rise consistently rather than leaving pockets of soda or bitter spots.

Swap the lemon

How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (sugar, milk, egg, flour):

  1. Vanillafits better
  2. Raisinfits better
  3. Figfits better
  4. Lemonthe original

Fit is the average pairing score against sugar, milk, egg, flour. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.

“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.

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