Why it works: Butter and milk are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 7% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 81,283 recipes. Both carry (z)-4-heptenal, which smells biscuit, cream. The science ↓
Sardine Toast
Ingredients
Directions
Make the sardine mixture
Remove the skin and bones from the sardines and chop them coarsely.
In a saucepan, heat the milk and butter until hot.
Add the chopped sardines, essence of anchovy, and a little cayenne.
Stir in the egg yolks and cook gently, ensuring it does not boil to prevent curdling.
Serve
Prepare well-buttered squares of toast.
Pour the sardine mixture over the toast.
Serve immediately.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Butter + milktop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together81,283 recipes
Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).
-
Egg + anchovytop 12% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together2,330 recipes
Shared aroma: decanal (soap, orange peel).
-
Butter + anchovytop 13% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together3,697 recipes
Shared aroma: decanal (soap, orange peel).
-
Anchovy + peppertop 17% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together3,232 recipes
Shared aroma: eucalyptol (eucalyptus, herbal).
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Butter + eggtop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together118,967 recipes
Shared aroma: decanal (soap, orange peel).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Sardines
- Provide the main flavour and substance of the topping.
- Egg yolks
- Thicken the mixture into a creamy custard when cooked gently.
- Butter
- Adds richness and a smooth, silky mouthfeel to the mixture.
- Milk
- Adds moisture and helps form a smooth, creamy base with the yolks.
- Essence of anchovy
- Adds concentrated savoury, salty depth to the sardines.
The step that matters
Stir in the egg yolks and cook gently. Egg yolks thicken through gentle heat; if the mixture boils, the proteins tighten and curdle, leaving a grainy texture instead of a smooth, creamy topping.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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