Why it works: Apple and lemon are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 14% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 7,551 recipes. Both carry trans-2-nonenal, which smells cardboard, fatty. The science ↓
Baked Apples
Ingredients
Directions
The book says “a moderate oven”. The 350°F (175°C) in the steps is the modern equivalent, not the book's own figure.
Prepare
Wash, core, and score the apples, then place them in a baking dish.
Fill each apple's center with sugar and add lemon juice or the cinnamon-sugar mixture, then place a small piece of butter on each apple.
Pour water around the apples, using 2 cups for 6 apples.
Bake and serve
Bake in a moderate oven at 350°F (175°C) until soft, about 30 to 45 minutes, basting every 10 minutes.
Lift the apples out to a serving dish and pour the juice over them.
Serve hot or cold.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Apple + lemontop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together7,551 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
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Apple + buttertop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together8,706 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
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Lemon + buttertop 16% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together41,227 recipes
Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).
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Sugar + buttertop 17% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together98,233 recipes
Shared aroma: guaiacol (smoky, sweet).
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Apple + sugartop 18% of all pairsSmell alikelowCooked together16,478 recipes
Shared aroma: beta-damascenone (apple, rose).
Apple and sugar barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 16,478 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Apples
- Soften during baking and hold their shape while becoming tender and sweet.
- Sugar
- Fills the core and sweetens the apples as the juices cook down.
- Lemon juice
- Adds acidity that brightens the apple flavor and helps balance the sugar.
- Butter
- Adds fat that enriches the cooking juices and gives a rich finish.
The step that matters
Bake until soft, basting every 10 minutes. Apples can dry out or stay firm in the center if the oven is too cool or the water evaporates. Regular basting keeps the surface moist and the flesh cooking evenly until tender.
Swap the lemon
How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (apple, sugar, butter):
- Pearfits better
- Vanillafits better
- Apricotfits better
- Lemonthe original
Fit is the average pairing score against apple, sugar, butter. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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