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Shepherd’s Pie with Potato Crust

A savory pie of cold meat topped with mashed potatoes and baked until golden.

From an old cookbook · modernised transcription
From a historical cookbook (Internet Archive) · 9 ingredients
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Why it works: Onion and potato are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 3% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 9,023 recipes. Both carry 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, which smells earthy, pea. The science ↓

Shepherd’s Pie with Potato Crust

Oven, in the book's wordsA slow oven

Ingredients

Directions

The book says “a slow oven”. The 400°F (200°C) in the steps is the modern equivalent, not the book's own figure.

Prepare

  1. Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C).

  2. In a buttered pudding dish, layer the cold meat, then sprinkle salt and pepper over the meat.

Make the gravy

  1. In a pan, sauté the onion in butter until soft.

  2. Add flour to the pan and cook for a minute.

  3. Gradually stir in the stock and cook for 5 minutes.

Assemble and bake

  1. Pour the mixture over the meat in the dish.

  2. Top with the mashed potatoes, spreading evenly.

  3. Bake in the oven for 30 minutes or until golden.

Recipe from a historical cookbook (Internet Archive).

Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.

Explore the science

The flavor team

The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.

  1. Onion + potatotop 3% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together9,023 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

  2. Pepper + potatotop 9% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together8,305 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

  3. Pepper + oniontop 11% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together68,474 recipes

    Shared aroma: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (earthy, pea).

  4. Butter + flourtop 12% of all pairs
    Smell alikelow
    Cooked together124,287 recipes

    Shared aroma: isobutyraldehyde (malty, green).

  5. Butter + potatotop 13% of all pairs
    Smell alikemoderate
    Cooked together6,456 recipes

    Shared aroma: (z)-4-heptenal (biscuit, cream).

Butter and flour barely smell alike, yet cooks put them together in 124,287 recipes: they work on texture and structure more than aroma.

Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs

What each ingredient does

Flour
Thickens the stock into a smooth gravy as it cooks.
Butter
Softens the onion and adds richness to the gravy base.
Potatoes
Form the topping, which browns in the oven to a golden crust.
Cold meat
Forms the filling base that the gravy moistens and binds.

The step that matters

Cooking the flour in the pan. Cooking flour briefly in fat before adding liquid removes its raw taste and lets it thicken smoothly without lumps. Stirring in the stock gradually helps keep the gravy even.

Swap the onion

How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (meat, pepper, butter, flour, potato):

  1. Chivefits better
  2. Shallotfits about as well
  3. Asparagusfits about as well
  4. Onionthe original

Fit is the average pairing score against meat, pepper, butter, flour, potato. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.

“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.

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