Why it works: Bread and butter are a kitchen classic. They rank in the top 7% of all ingredient pairs, and cooks put them together in 27,232 recipes. Both carry delta-decalactone, which smells sweet, creamy. The science ↓
Apple Charlotte
Ingredients
Directions
The book gives no oven temperature. The 300°F (150°C) in the steps was added when the recipe was transcribed, as a starting point.
Prepare
Preheat the oven to 300°F (150°C).
Peel the apples, remove the cores, and cut them into six or eight pieces each.
Grease a pie dish and line it with bread crumbs.
Assemble and bake
Layer the apples and sugar in the dish, then cover with more bread crumbs.
Spread a piece of paper with dripping and place it over the dish, then cover with a tin.
Bake for two hours, then turn it out onto a serving dish.
Serve
Sift a little sugar over the top before serving.
Transcribed from a scanned cookbook and modernised for today's kitchens. Where the book gave no heat or time, or said "a moderate oven", the temperatures and times here may be modern equivalents rather than the book's own figures.
Explore the science
The flavor team
The pairs that carry this dish. Each one is judged two ways: how much their aromas overlap, and how often cooks already put them together.
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Bread + buttertop 7% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together27,232 recipes
Shared aroma: delta-decalactone (sweet, creamy).
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Apple + breadtop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together1,790 recipes
Shared aroma: 2,4-decadienal (seaweed).
-
Apple + lemontop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together7,551 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
-
Apple + buttertop 14% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together8,706 recipes
Shared aroma: trans-2-nonenal (cardboard, fatty).
-
Butter + lemontop 16% of all pairsSmell alikemoderateCooked together41,227 recipes
Shared aroma: 3-hexenal (apple, fruity).
Ranks compare each pair with 20,000 random ingredient pairs on CompKitchen. How we score pairs
What each ingredient does
- Sour apples
- Provide the fruit body and tart flavour that balances the sugar.
- Bread crumbs
- Form a crisp, golden crust layer that holds the apples together.
- Sugar
- Sweetens the apples and helps them soften as they bake.
- Dripping
- Adds fat for richness and helps the bread crumbs brown.
The step that matters
Covering the dish with greased paper and a tin. The cover traps steam so the apples cook through and soften while the bread crumbs stay moist. Greasing the paper keeps it from sticking to the crumbs during the long bake.
Swap the lemon
The recipe marks lemon as optional. How well each one fits the dish's main ingredients (apple, sugar, bread, butter):
- Figfits better
- Pearfits better
- Vanillafits better
- Lemonthe original
Fit is the average pairing score against apple, sugar, bread, butter. Candidates are from the same food group and used in at least 100 recipes.
“What each ingredient does” and “The step that matters” were written by Claude from this recipe’s own method and reviewed in samples by CompKitchen.
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